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This is the first ever volume to compile sociolinguistic and historical information on lesser-known, and relatively ignored, native varieties of English around the world. Exploring areas as diverse as the Pacific, South America, the South Atlantic and West Africa, it shows how these varieties are as much part of the big picture as major varieties and that their analysis is essential for addressing some truly important issues in linguistic theory, such as dialect obsolescence and death, language birth, dialect typology and genetic classification, patterns of diffusion and transplantation and contact-induced language change. It also shows how close interwoven fields such as social history, contact linguistics and variationist sociolinguistics are in accounting for their formation and maintenance, providing a thorough description of the lesser-known varieties of English and their relevance for language spread and change.

English language --- Dialectology --- Variation --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Germanic languages --- Anglais (langue) --- Variation linguistique --- Pays de langue anglaise

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La notion de variation, si elle a été très étudiée par la sociolinguistique, est longtemps restée éloignée des préoccupations de la linguistique générale, et ce en premier lieu pour des raisons théoriques : dans le cadre d’une linguistique saussurienne classique ou d’une grammaire générative par exemple, la variation, rattachée à la parole ou à la performance, était par définition exclue du champ de la réflexion. Poursuivant la réflexion engagée dans le volume Variation, Ajustement, Interprétation, consacré à l’étude de phénomènes représentatifs (d’ordre sémantique, constructionnel, discursif et énonciatif) le présent volume étend la perspective aux notions de texte et d’usage, de norme et d’oralité comme déclencheurs du phénomène : la variation retrouve ainsi toute son importance en tant que phénomène inhérent au langage et à son fonctionnement, et dont l’explication ne se limite pas à des causes sociologiques. Ainsi, la contribution collective de ce volume inscrit la variation dans une dynamique, dans une plasticité langagière : générée par le langage, la variation le génère en retour. Dans les deux sens de ce mouvement, il est traité des paramètres déclencheurs et des formes invariantes qui ont été engendrées.

Language and languages --- Variation --- Reformulation (linguistique). --- Variation linguistique. --- Language and languages - Variation --- Linguistics --- linguistique --- discours --- sémantique --- variation --- langage

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It has been argued that properties of the visual-gestural modality impose a homogenizing effect on sign languages, leading to less structural variation in sign language structure as compared to spoken language structure. However, until recently, research on sign languages was limited to a number of (Western) sign languages. Before we can truly answer the question of whether modality effects do indeed cause less structural variation, it is necessary to investigate the similarities and differences that exist between sign languages in more detail and, especially, to include in this investigation less studied sign languages. The current research climate is testimony to a surge of interest in the study of a geographically more diverse range of sign languages. The volume reflects that climate and brings together work by scholars engaging in comparative sign linguistics research. The 11 articles discuss data from many different signed and spoken languages and cover a wide range of topics from different areas of grammar including phonology (word pictures), morphology (pronouns, negation, and auxiliaries), syntax (word order, interrogative clauses, auxiliaries, negation, and referential shift) and pragmatics (modal meaning and referential shift). In addition to this, the contributions address psycholinguistic issues, aspects of language change, and issues concerning data collection in sign languages, thereby providing methodological guidelines for further research. Although some papers use a specific theoretical framework for analyzing the data, the volume clearly focuses on empirical and descriptive aspects of sign language variation.

Sign language. --- Language and languages --- Psycholinguistics. --- Linguistic change. --- Langage par signes --- Variation (Linguistique) --- Psycholinguistique --- Changement linguistique --- Variation. --- linguistic typology. --- Linguistic change --- Psycholinguistics --- Sign language --- Variation

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The global spread of English has resulted in the emergence of a diverse range of postcolonial varieties around the world. Postcolonial English provides a clear and original account of the evolution of these varieties, exploring the historical, social and ecological factors that have shaped all levels of their structure. It argues that while these Englishes have developed new and unique properties which differ greatly from one location to another, their spread and diversification can in fact be explained by a single underlying process, which builds upon the constant relationships and communication needs of the colonizers, the colonized, and other parties. Outlining the stages and characteristics of this process, it applies them in detail to English in sixteen different countries across all continents as well as, in a separate chapter, to a history of American English. Of key interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists, historical linguists and syntacticians alike, this book provides a fascinating new picture of the growth and evolution of English around the globe.

English language --- Dialectology --- Anglais (langue) --- Variation linguistique --- À l'étranger --- Variation --- 802.0 --- 802.0-086 --- Engels. Engelse taalkunde --- Engels: slang; vaktaal; jeugdtaal --- 802.0-086 Engels: slang; vaktaal; jeugdtaal --- 802.0 Engels. Engelse taalkunde --- Anglais langue internationale --- Anglais langue internationale. --- Variation linguistique. --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Germanic languages

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La notion de « bon usage » évoque immédiatement dans le contexte de la France les noms de Claude Favre de Vaugelas (1585-1650) et de Maurice Grevisse (1895-1980), deux colosses de la codification du français moderne qui date du xviie siècle. Ce concept, aujourd’hui chargé de connotations archaïques et élitistes, est souvent perçu comme un ensemble de prescriptions normatives correspondant à un certain modèle socioculturel. Le passage de I’« usage » au « bon usage » semble impliquer une transition d’un modèle descriptif à un modèle prescriptif, de la norme objective fondée sur l’usage statistiquement dominant à la norme prescriptive. Le but de ce volume est d’examiner, par différentes études de cas, si l’établissement d’un bon usage aboutit forcément à une réduction des variantes. Le volume constitue un premier essai pour déterminer dans quelle mesure le « bon usage » est un concept typiquement français et à quel point les mêmes idées, termes et modèles se retrouvent dans d’autres traditions nationales.

Standard language --- Language and languages --- Sociolinguistics --- Langue standard --- Variation (Linguistique) --- Sociolinguistique --- Variation --- French language --- Language and culture --- Social aspects --- Langage et langues --- Language and culture. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Social aspects. --- France. --- French language - Social aspects --- Language and culture - France --- Linguistics --- usage --- histoire --- variation linguistique --- langue --- français (langue)